The Darkhad Depression is located in the western part of the Horidol Saridag mountain range, Khuvsgul aimag. It is famous for being Mongolia’s largest watershed, containing 36 major rivers, hundreds of lakes, and a vast freshwater system that feeds both Lake Baikal and the Arctic Ocean.
Facts
Location
Western part of the Horidol Saridag mountain range, Khuvsgul province
Freshwater Network
248 rivers, 377 lakes and ponds, and 24 springs, supplying 95% of Mongolia’s freshwater.
Taiga Habitat
70% of Khuvsgul’s Great Taiga
Indigenous Culture
The valley is home to the Tsaatan people
Highlights
About the Complex
The Darkhad Depression was formed through geological subsidence within the Horidol Saridag mountain range, creating a lowland valley with exceptional freshwater resources. Its rich ecosystem includes wetlands, taiga forests, rivers, and ponds, providing habitats for elk, reindeer, fish, and rare plant species like white moss, a key food source for reindeer. The area is culturally significant as it is the primary homeland of the Tsaatan reindeer herders, who maintain their traditional nomadic lifestyle.
The Darkhad Depression is home to 70% of the Khuvsgul Great Taiga and is home to Mongolia's largest mammal elk and reindeer. White moss, a reindeer feed, grows only in the Darkhad Depression. The Tsaatan people live in two divisions in the west and east taiga of Khuvsgul, and 60% of the indigenous Tsaatan live in the east taiga or the Darkhad Depression.
The History
The Tsaatan people have lived in the valley for centuries, moving with their reindeer herds across the east and west taiga. Local legends speak of the White Moss Spirit, believed to protect the reindeer and ensure the survival of both animals and humans in the harsh northern environment. The valley has been an untouched wilderness for generations, preserving both ecological and cultural heritage.
Why You Should Visit This Place
Natural Wonder: Witness Mongolia’s largest freshwater system.
Wildlife Watching: See elk, reindeer, wolves, and rare taiga birds.
Cultural Experience: Learn about the Tsaatan nomads and their reindeer-herding traditions.
Adventure Tourism: Canoeing, horseback riding, and trekking through pristine taiga.
Best Time to Visit
Frequently Asked Questions
Access is via Khatgal or Murun in Khuvsgul aimag, followed by 4x4, horseback, or hiking into the valley.
Yes, respectful visits are welcomed; guided tours are recommended to understand their customs.
Expect reindeer, elk, wolves, sable, and numerous bird species, especially in the river and taiga zones.
