Mongolian Weather

1    Mongolia has a continental climate due to its remoteness from the ocean, surrounded by high mountains in the center of the Eurasian continent, and an average elevation of one and a half kilometers above sea level.

    The main feature of Mongolia's climate is the large difference between the four seasons of the year, which is characterized by high-temperature fluctuations, low precipitation. Precipitation is more abundant in the north, where it exceeds 300 millimeters (12 inches) per year,  while in the south, which is desert, it drops below 200 mm (8 in) per year.

     Mongolia has short (lasting from June to mid-August), warm summers and long, cold (lasting from November to April) winters, and the duration of spring and autumn varies widely from year to year.

In Mongolia, there are few cloudy days, a large number of clear days, and 230-260 days or 2600-3300 hours of sunshine per year.

Weather temperature in Mongolia

The average annual temperature in Mongolia is 0.2 ° C (32 ° F), the average winter temperature is -10 °… -30 ° C (14 °… 22 ° F), and the average summer temperature is 10 °… 27 ° C (50 °… 80 ° F). F)

Western & Northern Mongolia: The average annual temperature is -4 ° C (24.8 ° F) in the Altai, Khangai, Khentii, and Khuvsgul mountainous areas.

Central & Southern Mongolia: Temperatures range from 2 ° C (35.6 ° F) in the desert steppe zone and from 6 ° C (42.8 ° F) in the southern Gobi.

Precipitation in Mongolia:
Although the total amount of precipitation in Mongolia is small, the amount of annual precipitation varies depending on the location of the mountains and their height.

For example, in the mountainous areas of Khangai, Khuvsgul, and Khentii, and in large river valleys, 250-390 mm of precipitation falls annually, in the Altai mountains 90-130 mm and in the steppe 180-280 mm.

Thus, the amount of precipitation decreases from north to south and the minimum annual precipitation in the Gobi is 70-150 mm. There are cases of 40-60 mm or less of precipitation in the Trans-Altai Gobi and the southern border.